Music Analysis Of Bluegrass Music Essay

Music Analysis Of Bluegrass Music Essay Bluegrass is a word which came into being after its adoption by musicians and radio disc-jockeys in the early 1950s. Denoting a form of American country or hillbilly music yet, distinguishing it from other types of similar genres, which were popular throughout the Kentucky and greater Appalachia even before the turn of the century. Due to the demographics of the settlers in the region, bluegrass is a music built on strong southern traditions and was originally played primarily by the white working class. Although it is still somewhat debated, it is generally accepted that Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys played the first of what we now call bluegrass music in 1945. (International Bluegrass Music Association, 2001) The banjo came to the fore as it had not done previously accompanied by multiple vocal parts and a now familiar line-up of bass; mandolin; fiddle and guitar. The argument against, rebukes not the talent of Bill Monroe or his style, but the pre-inception of a less formali sed bluegrass genre. No matter which side of the debate one falls on, Monroe is accredited with the commercialisation and formalisation of the characteristics which differentiates the music from other strains of so-called hillbilly music such as country-western, rockabilly, and other forms of western-swing. (Smith, 1965) Both the immigration of the Scotch-Irish settlers during the latter part of the nineteenth century and subsequent emigration of the second and third generations from the region play distinct roles in the social and economic background of the music itself. Celtic fiddling styles played in the home and songs of heritage were commonplace. Monroe fondly recalls his mother walking through the house singing, and playing the fiddle as she prepared the dinner. His uncle, who he first witnessed at the age of about six years old playing this style of fiddle on the front porch at his family home captured the young Monroes imagination. He got the wonderful Scotch-Irish sound out of it, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..and if wed have supper of a night, wed sit around the fireplace and hed play the fiddle. Most musicians of the time allude to fathers, grandfathers, and uncles who fiddled and mothers who played the organ, it seems everyone sang. Mechanically reproduced music and radio was therefore a luxury not many of these impoverished farmers at the time possessed, and although by the early 1900s, some rural settlers may have had experienced the radio, it was not as pervasive as it was to later become. It is for this reason we can refer to these strains as a form of vernacular music. (Rosenberg, 2005) During the late 1930s however, these types of technologies had come to the fore allowing greater access to music and film. The film industry in particular had made singing cowboys a popular trend and this was being reflected in the rise of western swing outfits such as Bob Wills and Bill Boyd. Other influences began to seep into the old time style, as country music began to move closer to the popular music of the era rather than the folk music of its distinct roots. (Rosenberg, 2005) George D. (Judge) Hay, a former news reporter, turned disc jockey with a popular Saturday night show titled The Grand Ole Opry, was adamant within his circle to keep these influences at bay and began to promote his radio show as authentic-hill country music. Urging his musicians to stay true to their roots and keep it close to the ground,(Rosenberg, 2005) he fought for years keeping drums off the Opry stage and very much discouraged the attempts to introduce electric style instruments, instead insisting on the musicians authenticity. It was subsequently the first country music styled show to gain a reputation on a national scale. His hatred of the word hillbilly and refusal to use it on his show gained him a respect from one Bill Monroe who tried out for the show in 1938. Cleo Davis who accompanied Monroe at the audition recalls; Bill and I did à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. a duet yodel, fast as white lightening. [And were told] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if you ever leave the Opry, itll be because youve fired yourself(Rosenberg, 2005) Two of the immediate differences Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys brought to the Opry, and anything that had gone before were the sheer speed that they performed their songs and the key they performed in. Even slow or medium paced favourites were faster than usual, highlighting the skill that was required to maintain the instrumental dexterity and vocal accuracy if these up-tempo performances were to retain their precision. Along with a speed heretofore unnatural, was the use of unconventional keys. Monroe is accredited with saying; We was the first outfit to ever play in B-flat or B-natural and E. Before that it was all C, D, and G. Fiddle men had a fit. (Rosenberg, 2005) Accompanying these alterations was a slightly unusual musical practice whereby all instruments were tuned a half-step above standard pitch. This elongation and tightening of the strings served a multipurpose, gaining both in volume and achieving a brighter tone which subsequently served to suit the vocals better than it had previously. (Rosenberg, 2005) These musical alterations coincided with arguably the most significant social, political, and cultural movement of the entire century, the Second World War. During this period many economic sectors, including the music and recording industries, were in a state of decline. But despite this lull of music sales, the sale of hillbilly records grew exponentially. (Rosenberg, 1967) The major reasons for this were, a population shift, incorporating a migration of southern workers to northern cities, and a mass growth in the popularity of the genre within the armed forces, where many were exposed to these strains for the first time. Military service resulted in long standing members having to leave their post for the war effort. This resulted in an array of performers playing different roles for the following war years. Retaining his slot on the Grand Ole Opry, and gaining his own tent show, Monroe continued to perform with a roulette wheel of differing musicians, yet still managed to contin uously be the most sought-after performer on the circuit. It is about this time that the real elements of bluegrass started to form with the addition of extra musical elements, and it was at this stage Robert Russell (later to be renamed Chubby Wise) joined the fray. A co-composer of Orange Blossom Special a song which Monroe and his boys had covered on many an occasion had heard of Howdy Forresters depart, leaving the band without a fiddle player. Having approached Monroe backstage he joined the Opry tour. Although the musician roulette continued for a time with instruments such as the jug, accordion and harmonica making appearances, the seeds that would comprise the latter sound were beginning sprout. (Rosenberg, 2005) In 1945, debatably the most influential member was auditioned for the line-up. A young banjo player named Earl Scruggs made an impact with a song titled Dear Old Dixie, showcasing his ability to do things you could hardly believe, with Monroe reportedly saying hire him, get him whatever it costs(Rosenberg, 2005). For the first time the band had a banjo player who was not a comedian, but instead had the ability to play solos on songs where all previous players could not. Lester Flatt, a mandolinist and tenor singer was also taken aboard at this time, returning to his guitar and singing lead vocals to accommodate the Blue Grass Boys. Much of the music was actually too fast for Flatt to keep rhythm on the guitar, but he remedied this by using a guitar run at the end of phrases. The run began as an F# on the lower sixth string and ended with an open G. Runs of this type were common in previous country guitar styles, but became so synonymous with Flatt and bluegrass music that it is still referred to as the Lester Flatt G-run.(Malone and McCulloh, 1975) Both were extremely popular with fans, with Scruggs solos demanding encores from the boy from North Carolina who makes the banjo talk (Malone and McCulloh, 1975) Scruggs used a three finger picking style adapted from other north Carolina banjo players such as Wade Mainers two-finger style. His solos on the Opry from 1945-48 resulted in almost instantaneous star status as a country music instrumentalist. Monroes Blue Grass Boys now consisted of a mandolin; played by Monroe himself, a guitar; a banjo; a fiddle and a bass, a construct that is now the presently accepted make-up of the traditional bluegrass band. The sound they produced together had evolved substantially from the days Bill and his brother Charles Monroe entertained locally in Kentucky, and yet, with the early guidance of Judge Hay in Bills career, managed to keep true to the roots of the music. Scruggs and Flatt left the Blue Grass boys line-up late in 1948, due to the strain of being on the road. They still played together however forming the Foggy Mountain Boys. While in this line-up they decided to include the resophonic guitar, (or Dobro) in their band and as a result it is often included in some bluegrass bands today.(International Bluegrass Music Association, 2003) By this time there were other groups mimicking the style set by their outfit, most notably The Stanley Brothers. Monroe had replaced Scruggs with a play er similar to Scruggs own banjo style, and after setting the precedent it became the norm to describe a good banjo player as playing just like Earl Scruggs. (Malone and McCulloh, 1975) Robert Cantwell describes the relative speed in which bluegrass music permeated the psyche as he recalls an appearance from the Eller Brothers in 1980. They began with an old song entitled On and On, but could not remember where it had originated or who had written the piece. It was the work of one Bill Monroe and had apparently been inducted, along with those songs brought across the Atlantic, into the realms of tradition at the tender age of twenty-seven. A tradition according to Cantwell, that was violently foreshortened by radio (2003) The durability of bluegrass has proven this apparent presumption correct however, as the genre grows not only in the Americas but internationally, owing much of its success to the adaptability of the music through other genres, and the capacity to reach wider audiences through the growing medium of technology. The 1960s saw the birth of a new concept, the bluegrass festival. As bands seemed to be competing for the same audience, it was more product ive for all parties involved to put them on the same bill, appearing at festivals around America. These festivals are now internationally common with attendances growing annually. (International Bluegrass Music Association, 2003) Monroes most famous contribution Blue Moon of Kentucky has transcended multiple genres and been re-recorded by artists such as Patsy Kline, Elvis Presley, Rory Gallagher, Johnny Cash, Ray Charles and Paul McCartney among others. Scruggs and Flatt as mentioned continued recording, and wrote songs that appeared on the soundtracks of the cult movie Bonnie and Clyde and the Beverly Hillbillies television show. Bluegrass was once again shot to the forefront of consciousness when Eric Weissberg traded banjo phrases with Steve Mandels guitar in the film Deliverance, and audiences were once again reintroduced to bluegrass as the soundtrack for one of the Coen brothers cinematic ventures O Brother, Where art Thou? went triple platinum. (International Bluegrass Music Association, 2003) Bluegrass is still providing additives, foundations and inspiration in artists today, as Bà ©la Fleck (possibly the most recognisable banjo player worldwide presently), describes his most powerful memory on first hearing the music during an interview for the popular American network PBS: My most powerful memory was hearing Earl Scruggsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.as a five or six year old. That sound just blew me away, shook my head up. (PBS, 2001) Fleck has attained international fame for his ingenuity with his own band the Flecktones and for his fusion of a fast paced picking style with the jazz and blues undertones of the Dave Matthews Band, an outfit he makes regular appearances with. Once again keeping bluegrass firmly in the minds of the masses. The three audio files chosen represent three differing aspects of the bluegrass genre; The original bluegrass sound, the rise of the genres popularity through the prismatic scope of media, and its gradual evolution as these strains enevitably are influenced by other facors. The first, played by Bill Monroe and the Bluegrass boys is a recording from 1946 entitled Rocky Top. It showcases the finger-picking style of banjo thoroughly referenced throughout this essay, while emphasising the vocal layers and dexterity by using choral harmonics. The lyrics themselves reference Rocky Top Tennessee a domesticated hometown scence which much of the country bluegrass music was concerned with, the norm generally being a migration or a return to homelands. The second track was chosen for a number of purposes. Sang by Alison Krauss an extreemely successful country/bluegrass singer with accompaniment by Union Station, it is entitled Man of Constant Sorrow originally performed by the Soggy Bottomed Boys. My reasoning for choosing Krauss version is simple, she transcends genres. Recently dueting with Robert Plant the famed Led Zeppelin front man, she epitomises the durability and versatility bluegrass has sustained in revealing itself to new audiences. It is also featured prominently in the Coen Brothers classic film O, Brother where Art Thou?, reinforcing the previous point and illustrating the gains achieved through differing aspects of the media. The final track is from the aforementioned Bela Fleck, performing with the self explanotory New Grass Revival. The song itself called Steam Powered Aeroplane conveys a movement away from a homeland setting and can be constrewed as having migratory conontations, but more immediately, there is a movement towards the new. Containing the same basic principles, Scruggs-style picking and Flatts G-runs are evident. Vocals are also sung in different parts giving a layered effect, yet held secondary to the lead banjo and a commanding base line seems to keep the overwhelming speed in check. But there is a distinct modern feel as the instuments are very slightly amplified. In more recent years Fleck establishes the Flecktones and keeping this style joins a group containing a drumguitar infusing African beats with blues licks. (See The Flecktones: Next)

Chapter Twenty One .

Chapter 21. Section one. Page 639. 3. The effects of the Teapot Dome scandal on citizen’s views of the government. The Teapot Dome scandal caused the citizens to view the government as corrupt. 4. How Ohio Gang did the tarnish the Harding Administration? Some Members of the Ohio Gang used their position to their personal advantage, to sell government jobs, pardons, and protection from prosecution. Forbes sold scarce medication supplies from veterans’ hospitals and kept the money for himself, costing taxpayers about $250 million. 5. How did the Democrats lose the chance for victory in the election of 1924? The democrats couldn’t agree on a nominee and kept focusing on the issues of scandal in the White House and Harding, who was dead. Coolidge provided the Republicans a man who would not say anything that would damage the cause and let business take care of itself. 6. Harding vs. Coolidge Harding: Politics- 7. Coolidge was a leader; he avoided scandal and supported business prosperity. 8. Newspaper article about the Teapot Dome scandal. Albert B. Fall, U. S. Secretary of the Interior, leased, without competitive bidding, the Teapot Dome fields to Harry F. Sinclair, an oil operator, and the field at Elk Hills, California, to Edward L. Doheny. He received bribes from those two which brought indictments for conspiracy and accepting bribes for Fall. He was convicted of accepting bribes and sentenced to one year in prison anad fined $100,000. Section two. Page 646. 3. What were the factors that led to the new consumer society in the United States during the 1920’s? The factors that led to the new consumer society in the united states during the 1920’s were mass production, easy credit, mass advertisement, and economic prosperity. 4. How did the automobile impact American society? The automobile eased rural isolation and allowed workers to live further away from where they worked. 5. How did the United States government help spur the growth of the airline industry? Governmental airmail service and funds helped spur the growth of the airline industry. 6. New Industries †¢ The Consumer Goods Industry. †¢ The Airline Industry. †¢ The Radio Industry. †¢ The Automobile Industry. 7. How did the growing consumer culture impact the nation’s economy? The growing consumer raised the standard of living and encouraged Americans to buy new goods. . Newspaper Article on Charles Lindbergh. Charles A. Lindbergh not only opened a passageway to Europe; he opened up the hopes of people who never thought they would see outside their continental boundaries. Before Lindbergh’s transatlantic flight, travel was limited to the ground or the sea; and even the amazing â€Å"automobiles† were blocked by waterways. Travel had boundaries prior to Lindbergh’s flight across the Atlantic, but after his flight people could see beyond those boundaries. Section three. 3. Why did Andrew Mellon work to reduce federal tax rates? He thought that lowering taxes rates would spur the economy by encouraging businesses and consumers to invest and spend. 4. What efforts did the United States make to promote permanent peace and worldwide economic recovery? Were these efforts successful? 5. Treaties 1. Four-Power Treaty †¢ All agreed to respect the others’ territory in the Pacific. †¢ Full and open negotiations in the event of disagreements. 2. Five-Power Treaty †¢ All agreed to freeze naval production at 1921 levels and halt production of large warships for 10 years. †¢ U. S. and Great Britain would not build new naval bases in the western public. . Nine-Power Treaty †¢ All agreed to preserve equal commercial rights to China _ a reassertion of the â€Å"Open Door Policy† 6. What is the difference between politics and the media then and now? Back then there wasn’t a lot â€Å"paparazzi† and it looks like it was more organized and low-key. Nowadays there are people with cameras everywhere and you can barely see what’s actually going on in the center of it all. 7. Cutting Taxes. Good or bad? Chapter Review 12-16. 12. What was the presidency of Warren G, Harding like? Harding urged a â€Å"return to normalcy. The policies of his administration were commonly conservative, especially regarding taxes, tariffs, immigration restriction, labor rights, and business regulation. 13. How did President Coolidge restore public confidence? Coolidge distanced himself from Harding’s administration and named the most capable individuals to his cabinet. 14. What were four new industries, besides the automobile industry, that grew in importance during the 1920’s? †¢ Aircraft †¢ Radio †¢ Motion Pictures †¢ New Electric Appliances 15. How did Henry Ford increase worker loyalty and impact the labor movement? Ford increased workers’ wages and reduced the work day which weakened the power of unions. 16. What were Andrew Mellon’s strategies for maintaining postwar American prosperity? When Mellon took office he had three major goals which were: to balance the budget, to reduce the government’s debt and to cut taxes. 17. How did Automobiles change the standard living during the 1920’s? Automobiles allowed people to travel greater distances a lot faster, it also allowed workers to live outside cities. Rural Americans’ sense isolation also decreased. The success of mass production resulted in new and cheaper consumer goods. 8. How effective were President Coolidge’s attempts to distance himself from the Harding administration? Coolidge’s attempts to distance himself from the Harding administration were obviously pretty effective. He chose effective cabinet members and associating himself with prosperity and big businesses. 19. 20. 21. A. Accordi ng to Coolidge, how should Americans feel about the present economy and the future economy? He thinks that the country should regard the present with satisfaction and appreciate the future with optimism. B. Whom does Coolidge credit for the U. S. prosperity? He thinks it’s thanks to the integrity and character of the American people. 23. A. American Farmers earned less then one-third the average income for workers in the rest of the economy in the 1920’s- fact, it can be proven and it uses statistics. B. President Harding’s choice to appoint Colonel Charles R. Forbes to head Veterans Bureau was his worst decision in office- opinion, can’t be proven, it’s the way someone view the decision. C. The Kelly Act authorized postal officials to contract with private airplane operators to carry mail- fact, its something that is actually true.

Explore Jane Austen’s presentation Of Mr Darcy Essay

For this piece of coursework, I have been asked to explore Jane Austen – the author’s presentation of the misunderstood character Mr Darcy in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†. I will be looking at how Jane Austen has presented the different aspects of Mr Darcy’s personality. These will include Mr Darcy’s language, behaviour, others’ opinions of him, a comparison with other male characters in the story, such as Mr Collins and finally what I think Jane Austen’s opinion on Mr Darcy is. This story was set in a nineteenth century Georgian society and in this time, the situation of marriage was that if a wealthy man proposed to you, you could not possibly give â€Å"no† as your reply. Mothers encouraged their daughters to get married by taking them to lavish balls and occasions where they would be acquainted with the wealthy. I will also be looking at the stages of Mr Darcy’s development throughout the book. This will include differences at the beginning of the novel – where he was very proud and self-centred, going on to the middle and end of the book, where his attitude changes and he turns into a caring, loving and considerate bachelor – the â€Å"perfect† man. The title of the story in itself represents Darcy’s attitude – â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† – Darcy’s pride where he thinks he is superior and his prejudices against the people he believes are less fortunate than him. Darcy is an extremely rich bachelor where he owns many houses, lands and villages. This adds to the change in his character as throughout the beginning and middle of the play, we are made to think that he is selfish and greedy, whereas in actual fact, he is the complete opposite! At the ball at Hunsford, Darcy refuses to dance with anyone, saying â€Å"there is not another woman in this room, whom it would not be a punishment to dance with.† Here is comes across as very self indulgent and pompous, having said that no other girl in that room is acceptable for him to dance with. He then goes on to say that â€Å"You (Mr Bingly) are dancing with the only handsome girl in the room†. From reading this, the mind of the audience has been already been made up – Mr Darcy is a rude and arrogant character and we are forced to immediately dislike him and his attitude because of this. As Mr Darcy talks, you can tell he has a very high opinion of himself as he talks to people as though they are beneath him and he is looking down on them. An example of this behaviour is as follows – â€Å"I certainly shall not†¦I detest it†. From this I feel that Jane Austen wants us to dislike him for a reason not yet known to the reader. Darcy’s arrogance then ceases to continue as at Lucas Lodge, where he rudely addresses the people who we at Hunsford Ball as savages â€Å"Every savage can dance† clearly suggesting that all the people at that ball were mere scavengers and did not deserve to be there as they did not deserve to be with him. In Darcy’s opinion, they were not high enough in society to be with him. He also suggests this as Sir William Lucas says â€Å"Do you not think it would be a proper compliment to the place (St James’, if he danced there), which he then replies â€Å"It is a compliment which I never pay to any place if I can avoid it.† – meaning Darcy not dancing at any certain place is in fact a compliment to him, as again he believes he is far too superior to dance at those occasions. Surprisingly, as Elizabeth Bennet’s hand is offered to Darcy, she gracefully refuses. However he accepts to take her hand when offered to her by Sir William, â€Å"Mr Darcy is all politeness†, she says this in a very sarcastic manor, and she was attempting to get back at Darcy at this ball, as he was so arrogant not to dance with anyone at Hunsford. Here, we support Elizabeth because we like her persona. At Netherfield, when Jane (Elizabeth’s sister) is ill, we again experience Mr Darcy’s arrogance and rudeness. This is a main build up of Darcy’s character as we see that he is a very serious and superior man, but at the same time, also very intelligent. We also see Elizabeth’s intelligent and witty side when she and Darcy have a minor quick-fire debate where it starts with Elizabeth saying â€Å"I hope I never ridicule what is wise or good† meaning, unlike some (Darcy) she hopes not to take advantage of the serious and good things in life. She then goes on to state after Darcy has said that everyone should understand what is good, â€Å"Such as vanity and pride† which Darcy then quickly fires back â€Å"†¦vanity is a weakness indeed†¦pride will always be under good regulation†. Finding this very funny, â€Å"Elizabeth turned away to hide a smile†. This suggests that Elizabeth is mocking, teasing and making fun of Mr Darcy, when the whole time, he is being serious. This brings an element of comedy into the story. At Netherfield Ball, Elizabeth tells Mr Darcy while they are dancing of her acquaintance with Mr Wickham, â€Å"who is blessed with such happy manners†. It then seems as though Elizabeth goes too far on talking about Wickham when she says â€Å"he (Mr Wickham) has been so unlucky as to lose your friendship†. You can tell he is not fond of Mr Wickham immediately as Austen writes â€Å"and seemed desirous of changing the subject†. At Longbourne, we experience Mr Collin’s proposal to Elizabeth. With the words that he speaks, almost made â€Å"Elizabeth so near laughing that she could not use the short pause he allowed in any attempt to stop him farther†. Again, this adds an element of comedy throughout the story, and is a comparison to Darcy’s surprise proposal. Mr Wickham uses his charm to his advantage by painting a bad picture of Mr Darcy, using his convincing persona to feel everyone. Mr Collin’s proposal is very abrupt and is obvious that he is only proposing because he feels that it is an obligation for him to do. He is therefore not proposing/marrying for the purpose of true love. â€Å"My reasons for marrying are, first†¦secondly†¦thirdly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The fact that he is proposing in this manor also comes across as quite arrogant and selfish as he is only marrying for the purpose of himself. Before Elizabeth had had a chance to agree or disagree on the proposal, Mr Collin’s seems to already think he knows what she will say (yes), as he then refers to â€Å"When we are married†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This was the point at which Elizabeth stopped him before he gained further ideas of them married in his head. Elizabeth gracefully declines his offer â€Å"It is impossible for me to do otherwise than to decline them (offer of marriage)†. This proposal here at Rosings is what begins the change of Darcy to the considerate, kind and loving man that he turns out to be. Elizabeth still believes that Darcy is a terrible person however, as he has taken Wickham’s job (as a vicar) away from him. However, Mr Darcy begins to open up and explain to Elizabeth about his attitude. He begins with â€Å"In vain I have struggled†, making his life seem like a constant battle. He then goes straight to the point about his feelings towards Elizabeth when he says â€Å"I admire and love you† This gives a sense of truth and deep meaning and is an extremely brave thing to say. However, his use of language, as he speaks to Elizabeth, such as â€Å"†¦pride†¦inferiority†¦degradation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  suggests that Elizabeth still isn’t making him charming. Darcy also realises that his family are very much like himself too – proud and arrogant, when he says â€Å"degradation – of the family obstacles†, meaning he knows his family would object to him marrying such a â€Å"common† girl. But despite this, he still decides to go ahead. I particularly admire this moment, because it gives a sense of teasing the audience and confusing them – just as they thought they knew Darcy’s mind, they were wrong. It is extremely clever as Austen has now moved from what was portrayed as the man â€Å"in love† to suddenly a man becoming so frank and rude. Elizabeth declines Darcy’s proposal, apologising to him – quite sarcastically for any confusion or misunderstanding she has caused â€Å"I am sorry to have occasioned pain to any-one†. She insults him which is what changes him later. When looking back and comparing both Mr Collins’ and Mr Darcy’s proposals, it is clear that Mr Collins’ is the more heartfelt and honest one. Mr Collins was more careful and undoubtedly loving about his words, even though it was asked in a comical manner. It shows how much he cares for Elizabeth. Whereas Mr Darcy was just direct and abrupt and had not thought about anything else when asking, except for him; Darcy doesn’t even contemplate the fact that there is some chance of Elizabeth declining his proposal. â€Å"Wholly unmoved by any feeling of remorse†, is what is described as when the subject is brought up on Darcy’s feelings towards the end of the friendship between him and Wickham. Elizabeth still despises Darcy for stopping Bingly and her sister (Jane) from getting married. But here, Darcy is able to shake off the main â€Å"charge† against him which is arrogance, pride and prejudice; however Jane’s pain still remains the same, as she continues to say â€Å"†¦your manners impressing me with the fullest belief of your arrogance, your conceit, and your selfish disdain of the feelings of others†. However, in the reader’s eyes, Mr Darcy has become acceptable because he still cannot overcome the great force of love he feels for Elizabeth. We can see this as he leaves after Elizabeth’s speech on his behaviour, he remorsefully says â€Å"†¦I perfectly comprehend your feelings, and have now only to be ashamed of what my own have been†. Here, the reader has been made to feel sorry for Darcy and for us to think that Elizabeth is being too harsh on him, when in actual fact; the audience knows at the back of their minds that she is being perfectly honest. He explains himself for the break up of Jane and Mr Bingly as he says â€Å"Her look†¦ (was)†¦without any symptom of peculiar regard†. He then goes on to apologise about his rude arrogance in opinion of Elizabeth’s family, saying that â€Å"your mother’s family†¦betrayed by herself†¦it pains me to offend you†. We can see here that even though he is still extremely snobbish, he has some remorse for the way he spoke to Elizabeth and her family. This is obviously a tremendous change in his attitude as before, at Hunsford and Netherfield, he cared about no body except himself. He explains to Elizabeth why he feels such great hatred towards Wickham, which obviously because he ran away with Darcy’s 15/16 year old sister, after the Darcy family have done many things to try to do the best they can for Wickham. But however much they had tried; Wickham stayed a gambler with no money. As the letter continues, he opens up more and at the very end, he ends with â€Å"I will only add, God bless you†. This suggests care, consideration, regard and love for her. This comment alone in my eyes shows a true depth of feeling Darcy is encountering about Elizabeth right now. This feeling of love for Elizabeth grows as she and her family visits one of his houses at Pemberley. The first thing she notices is that his house is very tasteful and is compatible with all the things that she would look for in a house. She realises that this house has â€Å"†¦more real elegance, than the furniture at Rosings†. As Elizabeth continues to explore the house, she finds out from the housemaid that Darcy was â€Å"always the sweetest tempered, most generous hearted, boy in the world†. She then carries on to say that Darcy will be â€Å"affable to the poor†¦He is the best landlord and the best master†¦that ever lives† meaning he is a very good, kind man, who is not selfish at all as he gives some of his earnings to the poor and that he obviously treats her well†¦as a human being not as a slave â€Å"not like the wild young men nowadays†. This reinforces our changing view of Darcy. However when Mr Darcy does walk in to find Elizabeth there with her family, she sees him as â€Å"strikingly altered† so he has dramatically changed â€Å"his manners so dignified†¦such gentleness†. All of this evidence tells us that from Rosings Park to here at Pemberley, his love for Elizabeth has grown stronger. The climax of Pemberley is when he sees Elizabeth and her family and asks to be introduced to them. This was an extremely major compliment towards both Elizabeth and her family. However, Elizabeth is still hesitant about Mr Darcy’s (to her) sudden change, and therefore she is still slightly prejudice â€Å"†¦she felt like he would probably strike into some other path†. Then, Darcy shocks Elizabeth even more when he asks her is it’d be ok for him to introduce her to his friends which she didn’t expect at all as it reads â€Å"†¦for which she was quite unprepared†, and following that, he asks if it’d be alright for him to introduce himself to his sister. With his sister being the only close family he has, this must have been very important for Darcy to ask. Here Elizabeth finds that Darcy has in fact been having conversations with his sister about her. The shock of Lydia running away with Mr Wickham causes the reader to think this incident will drive Darcy away from Elizabeth’s family, but in fact it has brought Elizabeth and Darcy closer together because Darcy has lived with this torment before, having known that Wickham has tried to do it with his own sister. Therefore, Darcy does everything in his power do help find Lydia. He now realises that in order to be able to accept Elizabeth, he must take on Wickham as a brother-in-law, having seen that everything wild about Elizabeth’s family is seen in the naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve Jane herself. Despite all this, Darcy still goes ahead to try to find them. To Darcy, it would be mortifying if Lydia and Wickham got married he would hate his brother-in law and think his sister-in-law was a stupid child. Mr Darcy helps Elizabeth’s family to find Lydia and when he does pays Wickham ten thousand pounds for him to marry her. But he ensures that Mr Gardner takes credit for it. In this asset of his personality he is a complete gentleman and in fact very modest. This is very cleverly done by Austen as she plans that we are told about this later. Privately, Mr Darcy has saved the family and Wickham single hand idly, by paying off debts of Wickham. While all the time, everyone else is left thinking it was the Uncle paying for everything. Here, we see a big change in Darcy’s behaviour, Jane Austen now wants us to think of Darcy as a misunderstood and misinterpreted character. She does this very well when we see Darcy’s gratifying behaviour, saying that Elizabeth’s â€Å"family owe me nothing. Much as I respect them, I believe, I thought only of you†. He then describes his feelings that he is â€Å"violently in love† with Elizabeth. Compared to Netherfield Ball, where he didn’t want to dance with a single person in the room, he is very compassionate. He even understands why Elizabeth insulted him and he realises that what she said about him was in fact true and he despises himself for this. He says the words have â€Å"tortured† him. He then tries to justify his behaviour by saying that it is due to his childhood â€Å"As a child†¦not taught to correct my temper†¦pride and conceit†¦many years as an only child†¦I was spoilt by my parents† He the goes on to say â€Å"†¦dearest, loveliest Elizabeth†¦you taught me a lesson†¦by you, I was properly humbled† Here, he is thanking her for helping him change and for helping him realise that he was a very arrogant man who wanted things his own way, he thanks her for changing him into a kind considering, loving man who fears that if Elizabeth didn’t come along to change him, he would still have been the selfish person he was at Netherfield. Jane Austen has clearly waited until the very end of the book, where she drops many ideas as pints such as the above of Darcy not being a bad man at all. This causes enjoyable tension for the audience. Unfortunately, Elizabeth’s mother still dislikes Darcy for his arrogant behaviour, and believes he hasn’t changed, not knowing he has helped the whole family and saved them from great debt and embarrassment. But this doesn’t bother us much as we know that Elizabeth’s mother is quite stupid and ridiculed. In conclusion we find that Fitzwilliam Darcy has undergone great change in his attitude from being rude, arrogant and full of pride at Hunsford, Netherfield and Rosings, to flourishing into the perfect gentleman as he meets his love, Elizabeth the audience finds Darcy acceptable after the letter and the second proposal, but he was never a bad person, he had never done anything to hurt anybody, it was just his personality. Maybe he was always kind hearted, but put on a show to suit his status. Mr Darcy is well worth his change as he has transformed into a humble gentleman with deep emotions. I think Jane Austen has done a very good job of portraying Mr Darcy as the loveable and romantic man she wants us to perceive him as. The whole story is structured well, with many exciting twists and turns which will keep the audience interested throughout. It is a true love story of a kind woman and a kind man, who make the perfect couple. As expected, Elizabeth becomes Mrs Darcy and everybody remains happy.

Confucius Paper - 663 Words

According to tradition, Confucius was born in the state of Lu (present-day Shandong Province) of the noble Kung clan. His original name was Kung Chiu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty, but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. During the four years immediately after his marriage, poverty compelled him to become a sevant for the chief of the district in which he lived. His mother died in 527 BC, and after a period of mourning he began his career as a teacher, usually traveling about and instructing the small body of disciples that had gathered around him. His fame as a man of†¦show more content†¦He spent the remaining years of his life in retirement, writing commentaries on the classics. He died in Lu and was buried in a tomb at Chà ¼-fu, Shandong. Confucius did not put into writing the principles of his philosophy. These were handed down only through his disciples. The Lun Yà ¼ (Analects), a work compiled by some of his disciples, is considered the most reliable source of information about his life and teachings. One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited, the Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals), is an annalistic account of Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 to 481 BC. In learning he wished to be known as a transmitter rather than as a creator, and he therefore revived the study of the ancient books. His own teachings, together with those of his main disciples, are found in the Shih Shu (Four Books) of Confucian literature, which became the textbooks of later Chinese generations. Confucius was greatly known during his lifetime and in succeeding ages. Although he himself had little belief in the supernatural, he has been revered almost as a spiritual being by millions. The entire teaching of Confucius was practical and ethical, rather than religious. 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